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Autor	Jana Prevužňáková, Tomáš Rábek, Peter Serenčéš
Tytuł	APPLICATION OF SELECTED DEBT RATIOS ON SLOVAK AGRICULTRURE
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Key words	agricultural enterprises, debt, Slovak agriculture
Abstrakt
Abstract	The company can be funded from a variety of sources such as foreign or own capital. This article will be devoted to the analysis of foreign sources of funding in the agricultural sector for selected years while specific ratios have been selected. Ratio of debt is in general a ratio of outputs of each balance sheet and profit and loss statement of a company with the regard to the items which are characterizing the actual debt. Based on it is possible to monitor and analyze the financial resources of the company. Hence it is the ratio of equity and foreign capital in the business, while this situation has of course an impact on corporate financial stability, but also on the return on equity, debt or credit. For the purposes of developing this article it has been worked with the data of Slovak agriculture companies in the chosen period of 2004- 2011. We assume that farms will use the optimal proportion of debt and equity capital.
Cytowanie	Prevužňáková J., Rábek T., Serenčéš P. (2013) APPLICATION OF SELECTED DEBT RATIOS ON SLOVAK AGRICULTRURE.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 10(59): 561-568
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2013_n59_s561.pdf

Autor	Edyta Rudawska
Tytuł	YOUNG CONSUMERS AS GROUP BUYING SERVICES’ CUSTOMERS
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Słowa kluczowe	Internet, zakupy grupowe w Europie, powiązania społeczne, studenci, Polska
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Abstrakt	Obecnie, młodzi ludzie stają się coraz bardziej ważnymi uczestnikami procesów rynkowych. Jest to konsekwencją faktu, iż mają oni coraz większy wpływ na decyzje zakupowe podejmowane w rodzinie jak również dysponują coraz większą siłą nabywczą. Zachodzące zmiany gospodarcze i społeczne doprowadziły do ukształtowania się odmiennego typu młodego konsumenta, którego cechuje m.in. większa racjonalność w wyborach, potrzeba nawiązywania więzi społecznych, która zaspokajana jest przez tworzenie np. grup przyjaciół jak również uczestnictwo w różnorodnych formach integracji międzyludzkiej. Te tendencje stanowiły dobra podstawę do rozwoju nowego sposobu dokonywania zakupów, tzw. serwisów zakupów grupowych. Zakupy grupowe można zdefiniować jako zakupy dokonywane w grupie celem uzyskania rabatów z tytułu ilości zakupionych ofert. Głównym celem artykułu jest prezentacja wyników badań prowadzonych wśród studentów, nakierowanych na identyfikację zachowań zakupowych studentów na serwisach zakupów grupowych.
Abstract	Currently, young consumers are becoming important participants in the market process. It is a consequence of the fact that they have an increasing impact on buying decisions undertaken by the family as well as they have an increasing individual purchasing power resulting from financial resources at their disposal. Economic and social changes have formed a different type of a young consumer, who, among other things, makes more reasonable choices and needs to establish social bonds what, in turn, makes him/her form groups of friends or integrate with others. These tendencies are the bases of new way of buying, the so-called group buying. Group buying can be defined as buying in group with the aim of receiving quantity discounts. The main objective of this paper is to present the research results conducted among university students aimed at identification of students’ buying behaviours on group buying services.
Cytowanie	Rudawska E. (2013) YOUNG CONSUMERS AS GROUP BUYING SERVICES’ CUSTOMERS.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 10(59): 598-606
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2013_n59_s598.pdf

Autor	Henryk Wyrębek
Tytuł	Zarządzanie finansami jednostek samorządu terytorialnego na przykładzie gminy
Title	Finances management of self-government units on the example of the commune
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Abstrakt	Funkcjonow?nie jednostek s?morządu terytori?lnego j?wi się j?ko problem wielkiej w?gi t?k dl? c?łego społeczeństw?, j?k i poszczególnych jednostek. J?kość or?z rozmi?r re?lizow?nych z?d?ń są funkcją posi?d?nych z?sobów, ? zwł?szcz? ich efektywnego wykorzyst?ni?. Zmi?ny w filozofii z?rządz?ni? fin?ns?mi dotyczą wszystkich jednostek s?morządowych dzi?ł?jących w obecnej rzeczywistości gospod?rczej. Z?soby finansowe są szczególnym z?sobem, ? procesy związ?ne z ich grom?dzeniem i wyd?tkow?niem są nie tylko interesujące, lecz t?kże wym?g?ją szczegółowego spojrzeni? i szczególnej?n?lizy. W artykule zaprezentowano zarządzanie finansami samorządu terytorialnego na przykładzie Gminy Grodzisk
Abstract	Functioning of self-government units appears as the problem of the great weight this way for the entire society as well as individuals. The quality and the scope of performed tasks are a function of had stores particularly their effective application. Changes in philosophy of administering funds concern all self-government units acting in current economic reality. Financial resources are a special source and processes associated with drawing them and disbursing are not only interesting but also require the special look and analyses. In the article administering funds of the local self-government was described on the example of the commune Grodzisk.
Cytowanie	Wyrębek H. (2010) Zarządzanie finansami jednostek samorządu terytorialnego na przykładzie gminy.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, Polityki Europejskie, Finanse i Marketing [t.], nr 4(53): 141-150
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Pełny tekst	PEFIM_2010_n53_s141.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Źródła finansowania działalności małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw
Title	The small and medium enterprises business activity financial resources
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Abstract	The paper analyses the financial resources of business activity in SME sector in Świętokrzyskie region. In all groups of enterprises noticed increased value of liabilities, equity and debt capital calculated per employee. I was stated that together with growing number of employees (size of enterprise) recorded significant enhance of capital value per employee. The equity capital was the financial resource which dominance in small and medium enterprises activity, while in micro enterprises – debt capital, especially short-term. In all groups of companies the participation of long term debt capital noticed quite low level. In case of micro enterprises recorded decreasing share of short term loan capital, in relation to long term financing, which value increased in researched period. It confirmed that this source of capital was used in implementations of companies undertakes. To summaries, the micro enterprises require financial support, since their previous capital position was unfavorable in relation to small companies.
Cytowanie	Pisarska A., Wasilewski M. (2009) Źródła finansowania działalności małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 217-227
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s217.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Pisarska, Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Zarządzanie środkami trwałymi w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach z regionu świętokrzyskiego
Title	The fixed assets management in small and medium size enterprises in Świętokrzyski region
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Abstract	The elaboration estimates the managers opinion from small and medium size enterprises in Świętokrzyski region take into account management and investments in fixed assets. Most of the enterprises noted increasing productive potential as well as development. The research period were characterized by significant increase of equipment and machine participation in assets structure of these enterprises. This is positive trend reflected in profitable tendency increase companies operation potential by fixed assets. The main source of financing the fixed assets was the equity capital. The managers have been guided by the level of cash during a selection of financial resources. The enterprises managers were planning enhancing the level of fixed assets equipment, through equity capital involvement, which is simply safer.
Cytowanie	Pisarska A., Wasilewski M. (2009) Zarządzanie środkami trwałymi w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach z regionu świętokrzyskiego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 79: 137-148
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n79_s137.pdf

Autor	Grażyna Klamecka-Roszkowska
Tytuł	Finansowanie działalności innowacyjnej w podlaskich przedsiębiorstwach
Title	The financing innovation activities in Podlasie area
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Abstract	Innovation in companies is a large degree which depends on their financial resources. It influenced both the use of companies’ ideas concerning new choices and new technologies as well as the access of the external sources of innovation i.e. the purchase of license and modern fixed assets or the employment of highly-paid specialists. The purpose of this study is the discussion of the questionnaires results about financing innovation activities. The research has been carried out on 575 enterprises which conduct their activity in Podlasie area. The elaboration is a part of wider work, which aim was monitoring the Regional Innovation Strategy of Podlasie voivodeship.
Cytowanie	Klamecka-Roszkowska G. (2009) Finansowanie działalności innowacyjnej w podlaskich przedsiębiorstwach.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 76: 73-84
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n76_s73.pdf

Autor	Bogdan Klepacki, Barbara Kusto
Tytuł	Ocena kondycji finansowej gmin województwa świętokrzyskiego
Title	The evaluation of fi nancial situation of communes in Świętokrzyskie voivodeship
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Abstract	The study presents an analysis of financial situation of communes in Świętokrzyskie voivodeship. A self-generated income share in communes’ total revenue has been taken as a criterion to divide the communes into three groups. An analysis of communes’ total revenue, self-generated income, communes’ expenditures and financial resources obtained from outside sources has been conducted to evaluate communes’ financial situation.
Cytowanie	Klepacki B., Kusto B. (2009) Ocena kondycji finansowej gmin województwa świętokrzyskiego.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 77: 127-135
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2009_n77_s127.pdf

Autor	Anatoliy Dibrova, Larysa Dibrova
Tytuł	Domestic support for Ukrainian agriculture under the conditions of world financial crisis
Title	Domestic support for Ukrainian agriculture under the conditions of world financial crisis
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Key words	domestic support, agrarian policy, agriculture, Ukraine
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Abstract	In the last years Ukraine has allocated considerable, with respect to their load on the budget, financial resources for agricultural support. However the significant increases of budgetary support do not substantially influence the effectiveness indices nor agricultural yields. Such information testifies to an imperfect nature of the internal support mechanism of Ukrainian agriculture. As the result, the domestic support did not become an effective stimulus for a production quality increase nor for a rise in the stock breeding production. In 2008 Ukraine gathered the biggest grain harvest. Increased production did not improve the financial results of agriculture and did not produce a stable and dynamic branch development because of the negative influence of world finance crises. Unbalanced supply and demand for agricultural production, low buying ability of inhabitants, lack of branch effective mechanism of domestic support caused complications of price situation in the domestic food market
Cytowanie	Dibrova A., Dibrova L. (2009) .Scientific Journal Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW - Problems of World Agriculture, t. 6(21), z. : 26-32
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2009_T6(21)_n_s26.pdf

Autor	Piotr Bórawski
Tytuł	Analiza wskaźników płynności i zadłużenia indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych
Title	Liquidity and debt ratio analysis of individual farms
Słowa kluczowe	analiza wskaźnikowa, płynność, zadłużenie, gospodarstwo rolne
Key words	ratio analysis, liquidity, debt, farm
Abstrakt	W pracy badano wskaźniki finansowe indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych integrowanych w systemie FADN. Gospodarstwa pochodziły z regionu FADN Mazowsze i Podlasie. Szczególną uwagę zwrócona na płynność finansową i zadłużenie. Wskaźniki płynności finansowej osiągnięć najwyższe wartości w gospodarstwach małych, średnio-małych i średnio-dużych. Wskaźniki płynności były wyższe od tych proponowanych w literaturze. Natomiast wskaźniki zadłużenia były najwyższe w gospodarstwach bardzo małych i bardzo dużych. Gospodarstwa rolne nie wykorzystują w pełni posiadanych zasobów finansowych
Abstract	Financial ratios in farms integrated in FADN system were analyzed in the paper. The farms were situated in the Mazowsze and Podlasie regions. A particular attention was paid to liquidity and debt ratios. The liquidity ratios achieved the highest value in small, average-small and average-big farms. The liquidity ratios were higher than proposed in literaure. But, the debt ratios were the highest in very small and very large farms. Farms do not use in full their financial resources.
Cytowanie	Bórawski P. (2008) Analiza wskaźników płynności i zadłużenia indywidualnych gospodarstw rolnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 4(19), z. : 75-82
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2008_T4(19)_n_s75.pdf

Autor	Antoni Kożuch
Tytuł	Zmiany w zarządzaniu finansami lokalnymi
Title	CHANGES IN MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL FINANCES
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Abstract	The aim of this paper is to make an attempt to evaluate a financial system of a commune and on this base to describe directions of changing a financial system of a commune with particular attention paid to processes of budgetary management rationalisation. Finance management is understood as a decision process devoted to creation good conditions for functioning and development of selfgovernment territorial units. It covers the development of quantity and structure of budget incomes and expenditures in connection with current and investment activities. A financial system of a commune is built on a rule of the division selfgovernment goals into objectives based on self-financing and on objectives based on principle of financial autonomy. Existing shortage of financial resources requires rational process of their use
Cytowanie	Kożuch A. (2008) Zmiany w zarządzaniu finansami lokalnymi.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 121-132
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n65_s121.pdf

Autor	Aleksandra Płonka, Tomasz Wojewodzic
Tytuł	Polityka gmin województwa małopolskiego w zakresie podatku od nieruchomości
Title	THE REAL ESTATE TAX POLICY OF COMMUNES FROM MAŁOPOLSKA REGION
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Abstract	While executing their responsibilities, local governments aim at satisfying broadly understood needs of the local communities so as to ensure them the best living conditions within the available financial resources. One of the instruments of such a policy is the right to set real estate tax rates. The purpose of the study is to show the tendencies in the tax policy of the Małopolska Region. The analysis comprises resolutions of all 182 municipalities in the 2003 and 2006. On the basis of the executed studies, it has been concluded that most municipalities applied tax regulations with rates set at 70–90% of rates proposed in the resolutions of the Minister of Finance. Thus resigning from a part of revenues due to them. The observation of the applied solutions points to the evolution of the tax policy of municipalities in the area of greater variation of the rates than envisaged by the law on taxes and local charges. This indirectly testifies the fact that municipalities perceive the opportunities to impact the local development by using available tax instruments
Cytowanie	Płonka A., Wojewodzic T. (2008) Polityka gmin województwa małopolskiego w zakresie podatku od nieruchomości.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 65: 201-209
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2008_n65_s201.pdf

Autor	Mirosław Wasilewski
Tytuł	Kapitał własny a wyniki ekonomiczne przedsiębiorstw rolniczych
Title	Equity versus economic results of agricultural enterprises
Słowa kluczowe	kapitał własny w przedsiębiorstwach rolniczych, płynność finansowa, rentowność i relacje w majątku, dźwignia finansowa, ekonomiczna wydajność pracy
Key words	equity in agricultural enterprises, financial liquidity, profitability and relations in assets, leverage, economic labour effectiveness
Abstrakt	Przedstawiono analizę rentowności majątku i zyskowności ziemi, dźwigni finansowej, ekonomicznej wydajności pracy, płynności finansowej oraz relacji między aktywami obrotowymi i trwałymi w zależności od udziału kapitału własnego w źródłach finansowania przedsiębiorstw rolniczych.
Abstract	The paper presents an analysis of correlation between equity share in agricultural enterprises. financing and their economic situation. Enterprises of the highest equity’s share were usually characterised by the highest land and assets. profitability as well as economic labour effectiveness. One of reasons of such a correlation was appropriate relations kept between rotary and fixed assets. However, the greatest share of equity in financial resources did not always allow to gain the highest capital and land effectiveness, which could be connected with not taking profits from the leverage effect. The assets profitability and the leverage were low in the enterprises, although their growing tendency ought to be evaluated as a positive one. Enterprises of negative equity vale were threatened by loss of quick financial liquidity and they were usually characterised by ineffective use of production resources.
Cytowanie	Wasilewski M. (2006) Kapitał własny a wyniki ekonomiczne przedsiębiorstw rolniczych .Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych, Seria G, t. 92, z. 2: 52-61
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Pełny tekst	RNR_2006_n2_s52.pdf

Autor	Ewa Dłubakowska-Puzio, Beata Pietraszek
Tytuł	Analiza SWOT obszarów wiejskich Polski jako państwa członkowskiego Unii Europejskiej
Title	SWOT analysis of Polish rural areas in the light of Polish membership in the European Union
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Key words	SWOT analysis, Polish agriculture, European Union
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Abstract	The presented prognosis indicates possible directions and conditions of changes that will take place in the Polish countryside within the next few years. It should be underlined that this period will encompass both positive and negative processes. During this period 2.5 billion Euros (not including money for the Common Agricultural Policy) will be devoted to the development of rural areas. Together with domestic funds, it makes a total sum of 3 billion Euros of available financial resources. Having topped these funds up with investors’ own contributions, it will be possible to deal with total financial support of 4.5 - 4.9 billion Euros per annum. This will allow us to change the image of rural areas considerably, especially the level of technical infrastructure and the quality of productive potential of agriculture, as well as agribusiness. Therefore, the countryside and farms will have many more investment opportunities at their disposal. It is predicted that these funds should first of all be devoted to creating new work opportunities in rural areas and subsequently to improve competitiveness of farms due to their progressive concentration and technical modernisation. These processes are strongly related to each other and, therefore, one should not suppose considerable regional farm concentration without providing workplaces for farmers, especially the least skilled. On the other hand, one should mention processes that will make carrying out the intentions difficult. One of them is undoubtedly further limitation of agricultural expenses, especially after year 2013 (Common Agricultural Policy included). The reform of Common Agricultural Policy that took place in 2003 assumed stabilisation of expenses on agriculture as well as their gradual reinvesting in I and II Common Agricultural Policy levels. Further changes that might take place in the subsequent period of planning (2014-2020) are not yet known, which significantly limits the possibilities of outlining aims and priorities for Poland. It should be assumed that further limitations of funds for agriculture and rural areas in general are yet to come. The above mentioned is supported by the following three reasons: - More and more popular criticism of the Common Agricultural Policy as it is shaped right now, - Funds for Common Agricultural Policy after new members with big agricultural population (Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Turkey) would need to be increased, - Negotiations related to liberalisation of world markets within WTO.
Cytowanie	Dłubakowska-Puzio E., Pietraszek B. (2006) Analiza SWOT obszarów wiejskich Polski jako państwa członkowskiego Unii Europejskiej .Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 15, z. : 178-187
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2006_T15_n_s178.pdf

Autor	Ewa Krawczyk
Tytuł	Zastosowanie metody kowariancji do określenia ryzyka na rynku nieruchomości komercyjnych
Title	Application of Covariance Method for Risk Assessing on the Commercial Real Estate Market
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Abstract	The Value at Risk model allows answering the base question asked by investor. How much money could be lost with given financial resources involved into given project, in fixed time and fixed risk preference The covariance method used to estimate VaR is static model, but analytic manner of computing allows, after essential analysis, to determine value at risk relatively clearly and quickly. Presented attempt of initiating tool to analyzing quantified risk of investment on real estate market, specialized for capital market, gives observations: a) in the situation of significant growth of investments on real estate market, financed mainly by banking institutions, there is necessity to work out risk models for this market segment, allowing to limit excessive losses caused by too optimistic prices and inappropriate calculations of the effectiveness of the investment, b) well known and used risk models for capital market are basics for connection the both market segments - capital and real - and empirical verification, including investing projects, c) VaR model can be used for determining quantified risk of an investing project, characterized by profitability ratio Net Present Value, but received results should be treated with limited confidence.
Cytowanie	Krawczyk E. (2005) Zastosowanie metody kowariancji do określenia ryzyka na rynku nieruchomości komercyjnych.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 55: 127-148
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2005_n55_s127.pdf

Autor	Elżbieta Kacperska
Tytuł	Współpraca transgraniczna a rozwój regionów wschodnich
Title	Cross-border Cooperation and the Development of Eastern Regions
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Abstract	The cross-border cooperation is an element of international cooperation allowing border areas to develop. Polish border areas are very much diversified , in respect of the development, especially weakly developed are terrains situated along eastern border. The chance of the development of those regions is to cooperate, especially in the aspect of using financial resources form programs of cross-border cooperation of the European Union. The aim of the study is to point benefits and barriers of border areas development caused by the cross-border cooperation on the example of eastern regions, taking into consideration euro regions: Neman, Bug and Carpathians.
Cytowanie	Kacperska E. (2005) Współpraca transgraniczna a rozwój regionów wschodnich.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 55: 5-18
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2005_n55_s5.pdf

Autor	Piotr Selwesiuk, Sławomir Snarski
Tytuł	Analiza skuteczności aplikowania o środki finansowe z programu SAPARD w latach 2002-2004
Title	The Analysis of Effectiveness of Applying for Financial Resources from SAPARD Program in the Years 2002-2004
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Abstract	The SAPARD program (Support for Accession Measures for Agriculture and Rural Development) was created in order to conform applicant states to acquis communautaire in the field of agriculture and rural area development. The support of the Community with the confines of SAPARD program was realized by long-term programs prepared in accordance with guidelines and rules of operational programs used with the confines of structural politics. It' s presumed that experience achieved by SAPARD's beneficent would pay dividends in case of EU structural funds using. The authors compared the usage of program SAPARD in the years 2002-2004 in some regions of the country (paying attention to Podlaskie province because of its delay in the infrastructure development and agricultural character). The research shows that the effectiveness of applying for financial resources from SAPARD program (measured by the share of positively considered applications in total amount of turned applications) was about 76.8%. Analyzing the effectiveness of applying in individual actions, it's been stated that local governments are characterized by the highest effectiveness of applying for financial resources from SAPARD program. The average effectiveness in this action on the country scale was 89.65%, when in Podlaskie province it was 96. 7%, what was the best result on the country scale.
Cytowanie	Selwesiuk P., Snarski S. (2005) Analiza skuteczności aplikowania o środki finansowe z programu SAPARD w latach 2002-2004.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, nr 55: 67-78
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Pełny tekst	EIOGZ_2005_n55_s67.pdf